The emphasis is part of the spelling that makes sure to give strength to a syllable, with a "stick" that carried over vowels known as Tilde.
The stressed syllable (other than unstressed syllables, without tone or weak-), is accompanied by a tone higher and in some cases is marked with a tilde accent or spelling.
RULES
ACUTE - Those words are the stressed syllable in the last syllable, and puts accent (tilde) when the word ends in N, S or VOCAL.
GRAVES - Those words are the stressed syllable in the penultimate syllable, and are accentuated when the word ends in any letter other than N, S or VOCAL.
antepenultimate - Those words are the stressed syllable in the penultimate syllable, and they all accentuated.
SOBRESDRÚJULAS - palabas are those that carry a syllable before the penultimate syllable, and ALL are accentuated.
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